Understanding what’s behind Japan’s loneliness and social isolation

Japan is known as a group-oriented society that is less individualistic than Western nations. Yet, some Japanese people spend time alone, sometimes due to personal preference. Following behind it is a growing trend of businesses catering to single customers who want to do things alone, often referred to as “ohitorisama” culture.

Defining loneliness in Japanese context

Spending time alone can be perfectly fine, depending on the person. However, it is important to distinguish between solitude and loneliness. The two are often conflated even in English, and the commonly used Japanese word “kodoku” can also translate as both.

Loneliness can be hard to truly define, but it can be thought of as a lack of perceived social support and connection. Japan ranks very low in a concept called social capital, which refers to the extent of trusted social networks and ties. A Legatum Institute’s social capital study ranked Japan 132nd out of 167.

Negative effects of being lonely

There is growing awareness of the health risks of loneliness. A study has shown that it increases the likelihood of mental and physical problems from heart disease to Alzheimer’s. Loneliness can even increase the risk of premature death.

Social support networks are especially important during difficult or traumatic situations. The coronavirus pandemic has left many in Japan and elsewhere feeling isolated, lonely and stressed. The results of recent studies have shown this. A survey conducted by several Japanese researchers, including those from prominent universities, showed that about half of Japanese residents felt some degree of stress during the pandemic.

Japanese social aspects can contribute to isolation

Even before the coronavirus hit, a significant portion of Japanese has been dealing with social isolation and loneliness. Another global survey by the technology company Kaspersky showed that 55.6% of Japanese respondents reported feeling lonely before the pandemic.

The exact reasons for this in the Japanese context can differ depending on the demographic. Elderly Japanese have been especially impacted, with more intentionally isolating due to the increased risk of infection. A mobility scooter company WHILL found that 66.2% of elderly respondents reported they spent less time for social outings even after 2020’s state of emergency ended.

Others have pointed to certain aspects of Japanese culture. A communications strategist Junko Okamoto talks about how Japan’s high context culture, ambiguous communication styles and rigid working environment can further isolate individuals.

Japan to tackle suicides and mental-related social issues

The coronavirus situation has resulted in a spike in suicides that are believed to be connected to isolation caused by the pandemic. Certain demographics such as women have been particularly hard hit by the economic downturn. Because of this, Japan is using Britain as a model and has appointed its own Minister of Loneliness. Tetsushi Sakamoto, who has been appointed to the position, will coordinate with other government agencies and advocacy groups to address the issue.

Loneliness seems like a simple concern on the surface but can have various causes that differ between societies and individuals. Initiatives to fight loneliness can help, but equally important is trying to understand those of different backgrounds that may be going through difficult times. This is especially true during crises such as the coronavirus pandemic. Empathy and trust are key to forming the social and societal networks that make us feel connected and safe.